Tree version · Documents
What the documents show
Only the filiations an archival document shows: the 1858 Novy Zlatopol census, the 1899 Mariupol birth record and the 1904 immigration register. It starts with Falk, the first name a document gives, and does not go up through the women beyond their parents.
This is the smallest tree and the firmest. Every filiation comes from a document this research has read, and each says exactly what that document shows: sometimes it names the father and the mother, sometimes only one, and sometimes the link follows from the household someone lives in.
What is missing here is not refuted: it is undocumented. Felix’s siblings who do not appear in the 1858 census, the generations before Falk and the ancestries of Khana and Chana have, for now, no paper that shows them.
The tree as a diagram
- Documented
- Proposed, unverified
- Contradicted by a document
- Direct line to Entre Ríos
- = Marriage
The colour bar on each box shows which stage of the journey that person lived in. Selecting a box opens a short summary without leaving this page. Boxes with a striped pattern are in this version only because of a filiation a document contradicts.
Filiation by filiation
What this version says about each person's parents, and how that stands against the documents.
| Person | Father and mother, in this version | Against the documents |
|---|---|---|
| David Zmud | father: Falk Zhmood | Documented “Давидъ Фаликовъ”: David, son of Falik. |
| Koppel Zhmood | father: David Zmud | Documented “Его сыновья 1. Копель”: Kopel, David's son, aged 20. |
| Koppel Zhmood | mother: Khana Reizel | Compatible Khana is David's wife in the same household. The census does not say “son of Khana”: that she is his mother fits the ages. |
| Falk Zhmood, the Nogaysk merchant | father: David Zmud | Documented Falko, David's son, aged 18. His Nogaysk gravestone also calls him son of David. |
| Leyzer Zhmood | father: David Zmud | Documented Leyzer, David's son, aged 7. |
| Dvorka | father: Aba Senderov Zmudya | Documented “Дворка Абова”: Dvorka, daughter of Aba. The 1852 list records her aged 14 in Aba's household. |
| Dvorka | mother: Chana | Compatible Chana is Aba's wife in the 1852 list. That she is Dvorka's mother and not her stepmother no paper says. Relationships among the Komisaruk, Zmood and Yovel families, according to Freedman (2020) |
| Moshe Zhmood | father: Koppel Zhmood | Documented “Копеля сынъ Мовша”: Movsha, Kopel's son, aged 2 in 1858. |
| Moshe Zhmood | mother: Dvorka | Compatible Dvorka is Kopel's wife in the same household; the census does not name her as the mother. |
| Felix Smud | father: Koppel Zhmood | Documented His son's birth record calls him Falik, son of Kopel. |
| Felix Smud | mother: Dvorka | Compatible No document names his mother. That she is Dvorka, married to Kopel since before 1858, fits the dates. |
| Malke Noel | father: Meyer | Documented Ester Malka, daughter of Meyer. |
| Marcos Smud | father: Felix Smud mother: Malke Noel | Documented Meyer, son of Falik and Ester Malka, born in Mariupol on 25 January 1899. |
| Alejandro Smud | mother: Malke Noel | Documented Alex, aged 7, travels with “Malke Noel de Smud” and the other children. |
| Alejandro Smud | father: Felix Smud | Compatible The register does not name the father: Malke travels as “de Smud”, Felix's wife, and the family always gave him as the father. |
| Aida Smud | mother: Malke Noel | Documented Eide, aged 6 months, travels with “Malke Noel de Smud” and the other children. |
| Aida Smud | father: Felix Smud | Compatible The register does not name the father: Malke travels as “de Smud”, Felix's wife, and the family always gave him as the father. |
- The Baltichasta 1846
- The colonies1846 – 1890
- The Sea of Azov1890 – 1904
- The crossingagosto a diciembre de 1904
- Buenos Aires1904 – 1915
- Entre Ríosdesde 1915
The same tree, as a list
Each indent is one more generation. Names in capitals are the direct line from Ludza to Entre Ríos, those preceded by = are marriages, and the colour bar shows which stage of the journey each person lived in. Under each woman who brings her own ancestry there is a panel that opens it. What a document contradicts is shown with a striped pattern.
- Falk Zhmoodc. 1797 – 1840The oldest documented ancestor
- David Zmudc. 1818 – 1880The one who moved from the Baltic to the south
- Khana Reizelc. 1820 – 1885David's wife · Koppel's mother
- Falk Zhmood, the Nogaysk merchantc. 1840 – 1904Koppel's brother · Felix's uncle
- Leyzer Zhmoods. XIXHermano de Koppel
- Koppel Zhmoodc. 1838 – c. 1900Felix's father
- Dvorkac. 1838Koppel's wife · Felix's mother
Her ancestry
- Aba Senderov Zmudyac. 1802Dvorka's father, according to the 1858 census
- Chanac. 1815Aba's wife · Dvorka's mother, probably
- Moshe ZhmoodHermano de Felix
- Felix Smudc. 1860/68 – c. 1909Butcher · Russian army soldier · deserter
- Malke Noelc. 1874 – c. 1915Crossed the Atlantic alone with three children
Her ancestry
- MeyerMalke's father
- Aida Smud1904 – 1992Crossed the Atlantic at six months old
- Alejandro Smud1897 – 1959Bookkeeper · general store in Maciá
- Marcos Smud1899 – 1951The boy in the Mariupol birth record
- Malke Noelc. 1874 – c. 1915Crossed the Atlantic alone with three children
- Dvorkac. 1838Koppel's wife · Felix's mother
- David Zmudc. 1818 – 1880The one who moved from the Baltic to the south